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Solubility
Rules
- All
common salts of Group 1 elements and ammonium (NH41+)
are soluble.
- All
common nitrates (NO31-) and acetates are
soluble.
- Most
chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except silver, lead (II),
and mercury (I)
- All
sulfates are soluble except barium, strontium, lead (II), calcium,
silver, and mercury (I)
- Except
for those in Rule 1, carbonates,
hydroxides, oxides, and phosphates are insoluble.
The table that follows sums ups solubility tests for over 100 ionic
compounds. Positive ions are
listed at the left. Negative
ions are listed across the top. To read the table, start with a positive ion from the left
column such as aluminum. As you
read across the aluminum row, data is given for the following compounds:
aluminum acetate (ss, slightly soluble), aluminum bromide (s,
soluble), aluminum carbonate (not exist, not known to exist), and so on.
The “decomp” indicates that the compound chemically reacts with
water and decomposes.
|
|
acetate
|
bromide
|
carbonate
|
chloride
|
chromate
|
hydroxide
|
iodide
|
nitrate
|
phosphate
|
sulfate
|
sulfide
|
|
aluminum
|
ss
|
soluble
|
not
exist
|
soluble
|
not
exist
|
nearly
insol
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insol
|
soluble
|
decomp
|
|
ammonium
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
|
barium
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
decomp
|
|
calcium
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
ss
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
ss
|
decomp
|
|
copper
(II)
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
decomp
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
|
iron
(II)
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
not
exist
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
|
iron
(III)
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
not
exist
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
not
exist
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
ss
|
decomp
|
|
lead
(II)
|
souble
|
ss
|
nearly
insoluble
|
ss
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
ss
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
|
magnesium
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
decomp
|
|
mercury
(I)
|
ss
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
ss
|
not
exist
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
ss
|
nearly
insoluble
|
|
mercury(II)
|
soluble
|
ss
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
ss
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
decomp
|
nearly
insoluble
|
|
potassium
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
|
silver
|
ss
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
ss
|
not
exist
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
ss
|
nearly
insoluble
|
|
sodium
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
|
zinc
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
soluble
|
nearly
insoluble
|
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