acceleration of gravity - 9.8 m/s²
accuracy/precision - accuracy = close to known correct answer, precision = consistent
alchemy - chemistry of middle ages, know goals
alcohols - hydrocarbons with hydroxide functional group
alkali metals - family 1
alkaline earth metals - family 2
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes - hydrocarbon chains
alloys - mixture of metals
alpha decay - losing 2 protons and 2 neutrons
alpha scattering - shooting alphas at gold foil, getting structure of atom
amalgam - mixture containing mercury
aqueous solution - water is solvent
Aristotle - Greek philosopher
atomic mass - average of mass numbers with abundances
atomic number - number of protons
average deviation - average of difference between value and average
Becquerel - radioactivity
beta decay - neutron breaks up into proton, neutrino, and electron (beta particle)
binding energy - holds nucleon together
bonding problems - ionic and covalent
Bunsen burner - how adjust
carbon-14 dating - schemes and dates and half-lives
catalyst - speeds up a chemical reaction
Cavendish hydrogen jet - demo showing how to make water
chemical bonds - bonds - chemical bonds
chemical formulas - letters and numbers showing makeup
chromatography - mixture separation technique based on solvents, solubility, cohesion
cohesion/adhesion- cohesion = attraction of like molecules, adhesion = attraction of unlike
colloids - mixture in which small particles stay suspended
compounds - chemically combined atoms
copper smelting - from metallurgy notes
covalent bonding - 2 nonmetals share 1, 2, 3, pairs of electrons
critical mass - amount of radioactive material needed to undergo chain reaction
Curies - developed radioactivity
data collection - collecting data
Democritus - first idea of atom
density - mass/volume
dependent/independent variables - vary independent, dependent changes in response
dilantant - cornstarch and water
distillation - boiling points must be different
ductility - metals formed into wires
electromagnetism - attraction of + and - or poles of magnets
electron capture - electron + proton form neutron
electron dot structures - draw outer s and p electrons
electronegativity - how strongly can atom attract electrons to form bonds
elements/symbols - know ones we use
ellipses - major versus minor axis
emission/absorption spectra - photons from electron excitation
emulsion - mixture of 2 liquids that do not mix
entropy - measure of randomness of molecular motion
expansion-contraction coefficients - amount expanded or shrank
families/periods - on Period Table
flame test - colors of different elements due to e- excitation
functional group - groups of atoms added to hydrocarbon chains
gas tubes - helped discover electrons
goals of alchemist - gold, cure disease, prolong life
gold - no acid could dissolve it
half-life - time for 1/2 of radioactive sample to decay into new species
halogens - group 17 on chart, "salt formers"
hot/cold water freezing - dissolved gases, convection, evaporation
hydrogen bonding - really important idea!!!
hydrocarbons - carbon chains with hydrogen attached
ionic bonding - metal and nonmetal bonding (large difference in electronegativity)
ionization - causing electrons to be cast out of cloud
ionization energy - amount of energy needed to remove most loosely held electron
ions - atoms that have lost or gain electrons
ion size - positive ions = smaller, negative ions larger than atoms
isomers - branched hydrocarbon chains
isotopes - atoms of same element with different number of neutrons
isotopes of hydrogen - tritium, deutrium, protium
J.J. Thomson- gas tubes and named electrons
lab techniques of alchemist - distillation, extraction, etc.
Lavoisier’s experiments- candle in water, reflux, tin box
Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy - thermodynamics
leptons/hadrons - leptons = no quarks, hadron = made up of quarks
list of compounds - we never did this
luster - ability to reflect light
malleable - can be flattened into thin sheets
mass defect - missing mass from atom that was used to create binding energy
mass number - number of protons and neutrons in nucleus
match - know general theory
measurement - sig figs, decimal places, good stuff
Mendeleev - Russian, father of Periodic Table
meniscus -curved surface, cohesion, adhesion
metallic bonding - sea of mobile electrons
metalloids - can lose or gain electrons
metallurgy - preparation and usage of metals
mineral acids/formulas - gotta know um
mixtures - variable ratio of parts
moles - go to moles to solve problems
mrem - milli-radiation exposure to man
native metals - found lying around
Neolithic man - end of Stone Age man
neutron decay - neutron to proton, beta particle, antineutrino
Newtonian fluids - viscosity changes with temp
noble gases - neither gain nor lose electrons
Non-newtonian fluids - viscosity changes with external conditions
nonmetals - gain electrons (or share with other nonmetals)
NUF wars - do math problem
oxidation number - # electrons to be lost or gained
pencil density - do calculations
Periodic Table - know everything
Philosopher’s Stone - stone that is no stone
phlogiston - invisible gas released during burning
polarity - positive, negative side
protons, neutrons, electrons - subatomic particles
radiation - transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves
radioactive decay schemes - alpha, beta, electron capture
radioactivity - spontaneous release of particles and energy by unstable nuclei
reactivity - how readily electrons are lost or gained during reactions
reducing atmosphere - starved of oxygen, plenty carbon in atm.
Rule of Aristotle handout - why ideas stayed around for 2000 years
Rutherford - structure of atom, named protons
safety - good thing
sand/salt lab - work
scientific notation - with sig figs
SI base units - 7
smelting - separating metal from ore
solubility - solubility curves, rates, lab
soap bubbles - surface tension, cohesion
spontaneous fission - radioactive nucleu splitting into large chunks with energy
Strong Nuclear Force - binding energy, mass defect
subshell problems - configurations
subshells - s, p, d, f
TDL lab - density of liquids
terminal velocity - constant velocity
thixotropic - shear force reduces viscosity
tincture - solvent is alcohol
types of alchemist - 4 (mercenary, philosophical, religious, scientific)
viscosity - resistence to flow
vocabulary homelab
Weak Nuclear Force - radioactivity
wrought/casting of metals - metallurgy
X-rays - generated with gas tubes, Roentgen

other terms will be added as we get closer to the exam

all questions on the exam will be single answer multiple choice

some of these terms will be thrown out of the test review