CP Mid-Term
Exam Review Guide
acceleration of gravity -
9.8 m/s2
accuracy/precision - accuracy = close to
known correct answer, precision = consistent
alchemy - chemistry of middle ages, know goals
alcohols - hydrocarbons with hydroxide functional group
alkali metals - family 1
alkaline earth metals - family 2
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes - hydrocarbon chains
alloys - mixture of metals
alpha decay - losing 2 protons and 2 neutrons
alpha scattering - shooting alphas
at gold foil, getting structure of atom
amalgam - mixture containing mercury
aqueous solution - water is solvent
Aristotle - Greek philosopher
atomic mass - average of mass
numbers with abundances
atomic number - number of protons
average deviation - average of
difference between value and average
Becquerel - radioactivity
beta decay - neutron breaks up
into proton, neutrino, and electron (beta particle)
binding energy - holds nucleon
together
bonding problems - ionic and
covalent
Bunsen burner - how adjust
carbon-14 dating - schemes and
dates and half-lives
catalyst - speeds up a chemical reaction
Cavendish hydrogen jet - demo showing how to make
water
chemical bonds - bonds - chemical bonds
chemical formulas - letters and
numbers showing makeup
chromatography - mixture separation
technique based on solvents, solubility, cohesion
cohesion/adhesion- cohesion = attraction of like molecules,
adhesion = attraction of unlike
colloids - mixture in which small particles stay suspended
compounds - chemically combined atoms
copper smelting - from metallurgy notes
covalent bonding - 2 nonmetals
share 1, 2, 3, pairs of electrons
critical mass - amount of
radioactive material needed to undergo chain reaction
Curies - developed radioactivity
data collection - collecting data
Democritus - first idea of atom
density - mass/volume
dependent/independent variables - vary independent,
dependent changes in response
dilantant -
cornstarch and water
distillation - boiling
points must be different
ductility - metals formed into wires
electromagnetism - attraction of + and - or poles of magnets
electron capture - electron + proton form neutron
electron dot structures - draw outer s and p electrons
electronegativity -
how strongly can atom attract electrons to form bonds
elements/symbols - know
ones we use
ellipses - major versus minor axis
emission/absorption spectra - photons from electron
excitation
emulsion - mixture of 2 liquids that do
not mix
entropy - measure of randomness of molecular motion
expansion-contraction coefficients - amount expanded
or shrank
families/periods - on Period Table
flame test - colors of different
elements due to e- excitation
functional group - groups of atoms added to hydrocarbon
chains
gas tubes - helped discover
electrons
goals of alchemist - gold, cure
disease, prolong life
gold - no acid could dissolve it
half-life - time for 1/2 of radioactive sample to decay into
new species
halogens - group 17 on chart, "salt formers"
hot/cold water freezing - dissolved gases, convection,
evaporation
hydrogen bonding - really
important idea!!!
hydrocarbons - carbon chains with hydrogen attached
ionic bonding - metal and nonmetal
bonding (large difference in electronegativity)
ionization - causing electrons to be cast
out of cloud
ionization energy - amount of energy needed to remove
most loosely held electron
ions - atoms that have lost or gain
electrons
ion size - positive ions = smaller, negative ions larger than
atoms
isomers - branched hydrocarbon chains
isotopes - atoms of same element with different number of
neutrons
isotopes of hydrogen - tritium, deutrium, protium
J.J. Thomson- gas tubes and named electrons
lab techniques of alchemist -
distillation, extraction, etc.
Lavoisier’s experiments- candle
in water, reflux, tin box
Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy - thermodynamics
leptons/hadrons - leptons = no quarks,
hadron = made up of quarks
list of compounds - we never did this
luster - ability to reflect light
malleable - can be flattened into thin sheets
mass defect - missing mass from
atom that was used to create binding energy
mass number - number of protons
and neutrons in nucleus
match - know general theory
measurement - sig figs, decimal places, good stuff
Mendeleev - Russian, father of
Periodic Table
meniscus -curved surface,
cohesion, adhesion
metallic bonding - sea of mobile electrons
metalloids - can lose or gain electrons
metallurgy - preparation and usage of metals
mineral acids/formulas - gotta know um
mixtures - variable ratio of parts
moles - go to moles to solve problems
mrem - milli-radiation
exposure to man
native metals -
found lying around
Neolithic man - end of Stone Age man
neutron decay - neutron to proton,
beta particle, antineutrino
Newtonian fluids - viscosity changes with temp
noble gases - neither gain nor
lose electrons
Non-newtonian fluids - viscosity
changes with external conditions
nonmetals - gain electrons (or share with other nonmetals)
NUF wars - do math problem
oxidation number - # electrons to
be lost or gained
pencil density - do calculations
Periodic Table - know everything
Philosopher’s Stone - stone that is no stone
phlogiston - invisible gas released
during burning
polarity - positive, negative side
protons, neutrons, electrons - subatomic particles
radiation - transfer of energy through
electromagnetic waves
radioactive decay schemes - alpha, beta, electron
capture
radioactivity - spontaneous release of
particles and energy by unstable nuclei
reactivity - how readily electrons are lost or gained during
reactions
reducing atmosphere - starved of oxygen, plenty carbon
in atm.
Rule of Aristotle handout - why ideas stayed around for 2000
years
Rutherford - structure of atom, named protons
safety - good thing
sand/salt lab - work
scientific notation - with sig
figs
SI base units - 7
smelting - separating metal from ore
solubility - solubility curves, rates, lab
soap bubbles - surface tension, cohesion
spontaneous fission - radioactive nucleu splitting
into large chunks with energy
Strong Nuclear Force - binding energy, mass defect
subshell problems -
configurations
subshells - s, p, d,
f
TDL lab - density of liquids
terminal velocity - constant
velocity
thixotropic - shear
force reduces viscosity
tincture - solvent is
alcohol
types of alchemist - 4 (mercenary, philosophical,
religious, scientific)
viscosity - resistence to flow
vocabulary homelab
Weak Nuclear Force - radioactivity
wrought/casting of metals -
metallurgy
X-rays - generated with gas tubes, Roentgen
other terms will be added as we get closer to the exam
some of these terms will be thrown out of the test review
